// Copyright (c) Six Labors.
// Licensed under the Six Labors Split License.

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;

namespace SixLabors.PolygonClipper {
  /// <summary>
  /// A helper type for avoiding allocations while building arrays.
  /// </summary>
  /// <typeparam name="T">The type of item contained in the array.</typeparam>
  internal struct ArrayBuilder<T>
      where T : struct
  {
      private const int DefaultCapacity = 4;

      // Starts out null, initialized on first Add.
      private T[]? data;
      private int size;

      /// <summary>
      /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="ArrayBuilder{T}"/> struct.
      /// </summary>
      /// <param name="capacity">The initial capacity of the array.</param>
      public ArrayBuilder(int capacity)
          : this()
      {
          if (capacity > 0)
          {
              this.data = new T[capacity];
          }
      }

      /// <summary>
      /// Gets or sets the number of items in the array.
      /// </summary>
      public int Length
      {
          readonly get => this.size;

          set
          {
              if (value > 0)
              {
                  this.EnsureCapacity(value);
                  this.size = value;
              }
              else
              {
                  this.size = 0;
              }
          }
      }

      /// <summary>
      /// Gets the backing buffer capacity.
      /// </summary>
      public readonly int Capacity
          => this.data?.Length ?? 0;

      /// <summary>
      /// Returns a reference to specified element of the array.
      /// </summary>
      /// <param name="index">The index of the element to return.</param>
      /// <returns>The <typeparamref name="T"/>.</returns>
      /// <exception cref="IndexOutOfRangeException">
      /// Thrown when index less than 0 or index greater than or equal to <see cref="Length"/>.
      /// </exception>
      public readonly ref T this[int index]
      {
          [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
          get
          {
              DebugGuard.MustBeBetweenOrEqualTo(index, 0, this.size, nameof(index));
              return ref this.data![index];
          }
      }

      /// <summary>
      /// Adds the given item to the array.
      /// </summary>
      /// <param name="item">The item to add.</param>
      public void Add(T item)
      {
          int position = this.size;
          T[]? array = this.data;

          if (array != null && (uint)position < (uint)array.Length)
          {
              this.size = position + 1;
              array[position] = item;
          }
          else
          {
              this.AddWithResize(item);
          }
      }

      // Non-inline from Add to improve its code quality as uncommon path
      [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.NoInlining)]
      private void AddWithResize(T item)
      {
          int size = this.size;
          this.Grow(size + 1);
          this.size = size + 1;
          this.data[size] = item;
      }

      /// <summary>
      /// Remove the last item from the array.
      /// </summary>
      public void RemoveLast()
      {
          DebugGuard.MustBeGreaterThan(this.size, 0, nameof(this.size));
          this.size--;
      }

      /// <summary>
      /// Clears the array.
      /// Allocated memory is left intact for future usage.
      /// </summary>
      public void Clear() =>

          // No need to actually clear since we're not allowing reference types.
          this.size = 0;

      /// <summary>
      /// Sorts the active range of items using the specified comparer.
      /// </summary>
      /// <param name="comparer">The comparer to use, or null for the default comparer.</param>
      [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
      public readonly void Sort(IComparer<T>? comparer = null)
      {
          if (this.size <= 1 || this.data == null)
          {
              return;
          }

          Array.Sort(this.data, 0, this.size, comparer);
      }

      private void EnsureCapacity(int min)
      {
          int length = this.data?.Length ?? 0;
          if (length < min)
          {
              this.Grow(min);
          }
      }

      [MemberNotNull(nameof(data))]
      private void Grow(int capacity)
      {
          // Same expansion algorithm as List<T>.
          int length = this.data?.Length ?? 0;
          int newCapacity = length == 0 ? DefaultCapacity : length * 2;
          if ((uint)newCapacity > Array.MaxLength)
          {
              newCapacity = Array.MaxLength;
          }

          if (newCapacity < capacity)
          {
              newCapacity = capacity;
          }

          T[] array = new T[newCapacity];

          if (this.size > 0)
          {
              Array.Copy(this.data!, array, this.size);
          }

          this.data = array;
      }
  }
}