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librfid_win32/licenses/librfid/COPYING
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GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 2, June 1991
Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
Preamble
The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public
License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. This
General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to
your programs, too.
When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it
if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it
in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
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These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their
rights.
We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and
(2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
distribute and/or modify the software.
Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain
that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
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Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software
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patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.
The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
modification follow.
GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains
a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed
under the terms of this General Public License. The "Program", below,
refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program"
means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law:
that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it,
either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another
language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in
the term "modification".) Each licensee is addressed as "you".
Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of
running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program
is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the
Program (independent of having been made by running the Program).
Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.
1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's
source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you
conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate
copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the
notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty;
and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License
along with the Program.
You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and
you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.
2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion
of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and
distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1
above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices
stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.
b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in
whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any
part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third
parties under the terms of this License.
c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively
when run, you must cause it, when started running for such
interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an
announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a
notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide
a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under
these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this
License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but
does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on
the Program is not required to print an announcement.)
These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If
identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program,
and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in
themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those
sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you
distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based
on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of
this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the
entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.
Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest
your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to
exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or
collective works based on the Program.
In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program
with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of
a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under
the scope of this License.
3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it,
under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of
Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable
source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections
1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
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cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete
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distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium
customarily used for software interchange; or,
c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer
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except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt
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However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under
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may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent
license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by
all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then
the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to
refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.
If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under
any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to
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It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any
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implemented by public license practices. Many people have made
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through that system in reliance on consistent application of that
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impose that choice.
This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to
be a consequence of the rest of this License.
8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in
certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the
original copyright holder who places the Program under this License
may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding
those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among
countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates
the limitation as if written in the body of this License.
9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will
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Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program
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either of that version or of any later version published by the Free
Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of
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Foundation.
10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
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NO WARRANTY
11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN
OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES
PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED
OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS
TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE
PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING,
REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
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WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING
OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY
YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER
PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE
POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
<one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
Copyright (C) 19yy <name of author>
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this
when it starts in an interactive mode:
Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 19yy name of author
Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may
be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be
mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program.
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if
necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
`Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.
<signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989
Ty Coon, President of Vice
This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into
proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may
consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the
library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General
Public License instead of this License.
librfid_win32/licenses/librfid/README
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librfid - low-level RFID access library
(C) 2005-2006 by Harald Welte <laforge@gnumonks.org>
======================================================================
This library intends to provide a reader- and (as much as possible)
PICC / tag independent API for RFID applications.
1. Supported Prodocols:
At this early stage of implementaition, it offers only ISO 14443-2, ISO 14443-3
A and B as well as ISO 14443-4 (T=CL) support. Other protocols, both open
(such as ISO 15693) and proprietary are to be added as soon as I find some
more time.
2. Supported Readers:
At this time, the Omnikey Cardman 5121/5321 and the OpenPCD readers are supported.
2.1 Omnikey Cardman 5121/5321 RFID (http://www.omnikey.de/)
The cm5121 is a relatively stupid piece of hardware. Basically a contact-based
cm3121 that was enhanced by putting a Philips CL RC632 reader ASIC next to it.
There is no RFID protocol implementation on the cm5121, everything is done on
the host (PC) software. Four primitives (read/write byte/fifo) are provided
via simple PC_to_RDR_Escape CCID messages.
The cm5321 seems to be an improved version of the 5121, mainly with different
antenna geometrics for better communications reliability.
2.2 OpenPCD (http://www.openpcd.org/)
The OpenPCD reader is completely free. You get the full schematics, the PCB
design, and the source code to the device firmware (written in C, to be
compiled with the free GNU toolchain). Also, all required development tools
are available under Free Software licenses!
In addition, it has various headers for access to the intermediate signal
processing steps.
This makes it the ideal device to learn and play with RFID, since you don't
have any (proprietary) software interfere and puts you in full control of
everything.
This is now the primary development target for librfid. However, this doesn't
mean that we don't want to support as many readers as possible.
Another interesting new option is to cross-compile librfid to fit it _inside_
the OpenPCD firmware, enabling a fully autonomous RFID stack (and RFID
applications) on the reader, without any requirement for a host PC!
2.3 Philips Pegoda
This reader is not yet supported. Some initial experiments have shown that
adding support for it is
2.x Further Readers
Support for more devices shouldn't be too difficult to add, provided the
devices are stupid enough. More sophisticated readers like Integrated
Engineering or Philips Pegoda do much of the protocol handling in firmware on a
Microcontroller. This makes them (at least till now) faster, but also of
limited use, especially in education and research.
So if you happen to run into any other dumb RFID readers, especially those
based on Philips CL RC622, RC531 and RC632, adding support should be very
straightforward. If you want to contract me for implementing a driver
backend, don't hesitate to contact me.
3. Building / Installing
In the default configuration, librfid only includes the driver for the OpenPCD
dumbreader firmware.
If you want support for Omnikey Cardman 5121/5321, you have to add
'--enable-reader-cm5x21' to the './configure' comannd, _and_ choose the backend
you want to use, either:
3.1 (new) native CCID backend
If you add the '--enable-ccid' option to the './configure' command, then the new
native CCID driver (courtesy of Werner Koch) will be linked into the library.
This requires a working libusb with development headers.
In order to use the reader, you will need to set the permissions of the
respective /proc/bus/usb or /sys/bus/usb files (or run the application as
root, if you trust my code, which you shouldn't).
If you run udev, just use the 'etc/udev/librfid.rules' udev rulefile, which should
change the group of the usb device to 'users'.
3.2 (old) OpenCT backend
This backend has the advantage that it will allow you to use the contact-based
part and the contactless part of the CM5121 simultaneously. However, it requires
a patched version of OpenCT.
A patch against openct-0.6.7 is available as openct-0.6.7-librfid.patch.
Please note that while librfid in this configuration _uses_ OpenCT as a
lower-layer transport interface, it doesn't actually provide a virtual reader
interface to it, i.e. you can't use CT-API/OpenCT/PCSC API's to access RFID
transponders.
In order to use this backend, you need to use the
'--with-openct=/path/to/openct' option.
4. Testing
In the 'utils' directory, you will get a 'librfid-tool' binary. It is very
minimalistic, and mainly an example on how to use the librfid api. For an ICAO
compliant passport, you may try "--layer2 iso14443a --protocol tcl". For a
mifare ultralight transponder, "--layer2 iso14443a --protocol
mifare-ultralight" will give you a full dump of the transponder.
The most basic command to get started is "librfid-tool --scan" to make it
auto-detect the first available (and supported) transponder
5. Help and Support
If you run into any problems using librfid, the primary contact address is the
mailinglist of librfid developers at librfid-devel@lists.gnumonks.org. Please
note that while the development community is trying to provide the best level
of support, response times might vary.
You can subscribe to this list at
https://lists.gnumonks.org/mailman/listinfo/librfid-devel
If you are interested in commercial grade support of librfid, feel free to
contact me privately to discuss your requirements and provide you with a quote.
6. Licensing
Pleas read the file LICENSING.
-- Harald Welte <laforge@gnumonks.org>
librfid_win32/licenses/librfid/TODO
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rc632:
- fix handling of timeout (program timer of RC632)
- add a timeout tolerance factor that can be user-specified
- make sure interrupt mode for timer wait works
cm5121:
- fix handling of TX or RX > 0x7f [buffer length in atmel chip?]
iso14443a:
[none]
iso14443b:
- implement 'option 2' frame markers
- test anticollission (need multiple tags)
iso15693:
- implement anticollision
- implement all the rest
mifare_clasic:
- test
- try to auto-detect 1k/4k
- try to distinguish mifare ultralight and mifare classic in/after anticol
tcl:
- implement pps for asymmetric (rx/tx) speeds
openct:
- add ifdhandler driver
other:
- implementation of code for various passive tags
- documentation
- add notion of 'asic implementation' for specifying reader-specific
initialization values such as mod_conductance
- abstract a read single block / read multiple block API where l2/proto
layer can provide multi-block function (e.g. iso15693), which will be
emulated in case there only is a single-block function
- switch over to use of rfid_buf structure, similar to linux skb. upper
layers have sufficient headroom in order to have lower layers add protocol
headers in front of a packet
- implement software checksumming support. The reader should be able to
indicate whether it supports hardware checksum generation / verification.
- application software should be able to override hardware csumming on request
- implement some auto-calibration mode where the user is requested to leave a
single PICC/VICC on the reader and the software iterates through various
mod_conductance and bitphase values to see whether it can calibrate to a given
[new] card. The resulting calibration values are printed by the program.