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png2ico(1) png2ico(1)
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NAME
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png2ico - convert .PNG file(s) to Windows .ICO icon
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resource
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SYNOPSIS
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png2ico outfile.ico [--colors <num>] infile1.png
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[infile2.png ...]
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DESCRIPTION
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png2ico takes the input files and stores them in the out
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put file as a Windows icon resource. Usually the input
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files would all represent the same image in different res
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olutions (common resolutions are 16x16, 32x32 and 64x64).
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A program reading the icon resource will pick the image
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closest to its desired resolution and will then scale it
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if necessary.
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Using the parameter --colors you can specify the number of
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colors to use for the images that follow --colors on the
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command line. Allowed values are 2, 16 and 256. If omit
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ted, 256 colors will be used. --colors can be specified
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multiple times to store images with different numbers of
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colors in the same icon file. If the source image has more
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than the specified number of colors, color reduction will
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be performed.
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FAVICON.ICO
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Most graphical browsers today support the favicon.ico
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file. When a user bookmarks a web page, the browser will
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automatically check if it finds a favicon.ico file on the
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web server and display it in the bookmarks menu. Depend
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ing on the browser and configuration the favicon.ico may
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also appear in other places.
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To create a favicon.ico simply create a 16x16 .PNG file
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and convert it to an icon resource with png2ico. You may
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of course add other alternative resolutions but most
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browsers only use a 16x16 image. Keep in mind that for a
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user with a slow modem a favicon.ico may increase the page
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loading time by a few seconds if it is too large, so don't
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overdo it. Adding a 32x32 alternative should be enough to
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make sure the image will look good even in contexts with
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larger icons. Adding even more and larger alternatives is
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unnecessary bloat. Try to keep the number of colors below
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16 and create a 16-color icon using the --colors 16 switch
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of png2ico (or even create a b/w icon using the --colors 2
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switch). This will result in a smaller file that loads
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faster.
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Don't forget that the favicon.ico may be composed against
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backgrounds of different colors so you should use trans
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parency rather than a solid background if you want to
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avoid that your icon appears inside a box.
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To add your new favicon.ico to a web page put it on the
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server into the same directory as the web page. That is
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the 1st place a browser will look. If it doesn't find an
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icon there, it checks the top-level directory of the web
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server, so by putting it there you can have a default
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favicon for all the pages in your domain. Depending on
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browser and configuration, the favicon.ico is not always
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rendered, even if it is in one of the above locations,
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unless the web page explicitly declares its presence. To
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declare that your web page has an icon, you add the fol
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lowing 2 lines into the <head> section of your page:
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<link rel="icon" href="favicon.ico"
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type="image/x-icon">
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<link rel="shortcut icon" href="favicon.ico"
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type="image/x-icon">
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EXAMPLES
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To create a favicon.ico from 2 logo files (the 1st in
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16x16 resolution and the 2nd in 32x32 resolution) you
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could use the following command:
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png2ico favicon.ico logo16x16.png logo32x32.png
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BUGS
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The color reduction algorithm used by png2ico is very
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slow. If you have an input file with several thousand col
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ors (very unlikely), it may take several seconds to create
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the icon. If possible, reduce the number of colors in your
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.PNG files before passing them to png2ico.
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The handling of the transparency mask is very inconsistent
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in programs. The same program will sometimes interpret it
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differently depending on context. png2ico takes precau
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tions to make sure that the icon will always look the
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same. For doing this, png2ico uses one palette entry for
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black (0,0,0) and one palette entry for white
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(255,255,255), even if the icon does not have a single
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black or white pixel. This means that 2-color icons will
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always be black and white. In 16/256-color icons, only
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14/254 colors can be chosen freely.
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AUTHOR
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Matthias S. Benkmann <matthias@winterdrache.de>.
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png2ico lives at http://www.winterdrache.de/freeware
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SEE ALSO
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convert(1), gimp(1)
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1 June 2002 png2ico(1)
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